How flight transformed reconnaissance, transportation, defense, and global strategy.
Aircraft first entered military service mainly for observation. Rapid improvements in engines, navigation, communications, and aircraft design soon made aviation a major part of twentieth-century conflict.
Observation aircraft and early air combat.
Learn MoreLarge air forces, radar, transport, and strategic bombing.
Learn MoreFaster aircraft and new defensive systems.
Learn MoreSatellites, drones, precision navigation, and airlift.
Learn MoreAt first, airplanes were used to observe enemy movement from above. Their value for reconnaissance quickly led to specialized aircraft and the development of organized air forces.
Aircraft became central to transportation, naval operations, air defense, and long-range attacks. Radar and coordinated ground control also became increasingly important.
Jet engines dramatically increased speed and altitude after World War II. Air defense systems, aerial refueling, and long-range communications also expanded.
Modern air operations rely heavily on navigation satellites, digital communications, remote sensing, unmanned aircraft, and large transport fleets. These technologies also raise continuing legal and ethical questions.